Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Rosh Hashanah 45

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1

למיטעי אמרי האי חסר הוא והאי דלא עביד מאתמול משום דלא אפשר או דלמא מלא הוא ובזמנו עבדו

to confusion, since people would say: This month may be defective, and the reason why beacons were not lit yesterday is because it was impossible,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of Sabbath.');"><sup>1</sup></span> or perhaps it is full and they are lighting up at the proper time.

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2

וליעביד בין אמלא בין אחסר וכי מקלע ר"ח בע"ש לא ליעביד כלל וכיון דלא עבדינן מוצאי שבת ועבדינן אמלא מידע ידעי דחסר הוא

But why should we not light up whether for a full month or a defective month, and when New Moon is on Friday not light up at all, so that since we do not light at the termination of Sabbath, in spite of the fact th we usually light for a full month, people will know that it is defective? - This nevertheless may lead to errors, since people will say, This month is full, and the reason why they have not lit up is because they have been prevented.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Through having drunk too much on Sabbath, and become intoxicated (Rashi) . ouan');"><sup>2</sup></span> But why not light up for the full months and not at all for the defective months? - Abaye replied: So as not to deprive the public of two working days.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It was customary to abstain from work on New Moon (v. Tosaf. s.v.) . In this case the thirtieth day would always he kept as New Moon from doubt, and if the actual day fixed was the thirty-first, there would be two days New Moon. xurse xur,e');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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3

אפילו הכי אתו למיטעי אמרי האי מלא הוא והאי דלא עבדי איתנוסי הוא דאיתנוסי

HOW DID THEY LIGHT THE BEACONS? THEY USED TO BRING LONG POLES etc. Rab Judah said: There are four kinds of cedar - cedar, kedros,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. or prob. ==GR.**.');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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4

וליעביד אמלא ולא ליעביד אחסר כלל אמר אביי משום ביטול מלאכה לעם שני ימים:

pinewood<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'oil (i.e., resinous) wood'. dkz');"><sup>5</sup></span> and cypress [What is] kedros? - R'Idra stated that in the school of R'Shila it was defined as mabliga,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prob. connected with the root 'to drip'.');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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5

כיצד היו משיאין משואות מביאין כלונסות כו': אמר רב יהודה ד' מיני ארזים הן ארז קתרום עץ שמן וברוש קתרום אמר רב אדרא דבי רבי שילא אמרי מבליגא ואמרי לה זו גולמיש

though others held that it is gulmish. He [Rab Judah] differs herein from Rabbah son of R'Huna; for Rabbah son of R'Huna reported that in the school of Rab it was stated that there are ten kinds of cedar, as it says, I will plant in the wilderness erez, shitah, an hadas and oil-tree, I will set in the desert berosh, tidhor and teashur together.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XLI, 19. E.V. I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the acacia tree, and the myrtle and the oil-tree, I will set in the desert the cypress, the plane-tree and the larch together. The Talmud proceeds to give the Aramaic equivalents of the Hebrew words.');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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6

ופליגא דרבה בר רב הונא דאמר רבה בר רב הונא אמרי בי רב עשרה מיני ארזים הם שנאמר (ישעיהו מא, יט) אתן במדבר ארז שטה והדס ועץ שמן אשים בערבה ברוש תדהר ותאשור יחדו ארז ארזא שטה תורניתא הדס אסא עץ שמן אפרסמא ברוש ברתא תדהר שאגא תאשור שוריבנא

'Erez' is cedar; 'shitah' i pine; 'hadas' is myrtle; 'oil-tree' is balsam; berosh is cypress; tidhor is teak;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Aramaic is shaga, of which the precise meaning is unknown.');"><sup>8</sup></span> teashur is larch.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Aramaic shuribna, of which also the precise meaning is unknown.');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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7

הני שבעה הוו כי אתא רב דימי אמר הוסיפו עליהם אלונים אלמונים אלמוגין אלונים בוטמי אלמונים בלוטי אלמוגין כסיתא א"ד ארונים ערמונים אלמוגין ארונים ערי ערמונים דולבי אלמוגין כסיתא (ישעיהו לג, כא)

This makes seven. When R'Dimi came, he said: To these were added alonim, almonim, and almugim.'

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8

וצי אדיר לא יעברנו אמר רב זו בורני גדולה

Alonim' are terebinths; almonim are oaks; almugim are coral-wood. According to others it should be aronim, 'armonim, and almugim.

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9

היכי עבדו מייתו שית אלפי גברי בתריסר ירחי שתא ואמרי לה תריסר אלפי גברי בשיתא ירחי שתא וטעני לה חלא עד דשכנא ונחית בר אמוראי וקטר אטוני דכיתנא בכסיתא וקטר להו בספינתא ונטלי חלא ושדו לבראי וכמה דמדליא עקרא ומתיא

Aronim are bay-trees; 'armonim are planes; almugim are coral-wood. Neither shall gallant ship pass thereby.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XXXIII, 21. hbruc');"><sup>10</sup></span>

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10

ומחליף על חד תרין בכספא תלת פרוותא הויין תרתי בי ארמאי וחדא דבי פרסאי דבי ארמאי מסקן כסיתא דבי פרסאי מסקן מרגנייתא ומקרייא פרוותא דמשמהיג

Rab said: This refers to the great ship.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. prob. a corruption of GR.**, a light fast-sailing Liburnian vessel. [Supply here from MS.M.: 'For what purpose is it made? - To raise with it corals'].');"><sup>11</sup></span> How is it carried out?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., the coral fishing in the Persian Gulf.');"><sup>12</sup></span>

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11

א"ר יוחנן כל שיטה ושיטה שנטלו נכרים מירושלים עתיד הקב"ה להחזירן לה שנאמר (ישעיהו מא, יט) אתן במדבר ארז שטה ואין מדבר אלא ירושלים שנאמר (ישעיהו סד, ט) ציון מדבר היתה וגו'

They bring there six thousand men for twelve months (or according to others twelve thousand men for six months) and load the boat with sand until it rests on the sea-bottom.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The water being here rather shallow. htnur hc htnrt hc');"><sup>13</sup></span> Then a diver goes down and ties a rope of flax to the coral while the other end is tied to the ship, and the sand is then taken and thrown overboard, and as the boat rises it pulls up the coral with it.

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12

ואמר רבי יוחנן כל הלומד תורה ואינו מלמדה דומה להדס במדבר איכא דאמרי כל הלומד תורה ומלמדה במקום שאין ת"ח דומה להדס במדבר דחביב

The coral is worth twice its weight in silver. There were three ports, two belonging to the Romans<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [ so MS.M.; cur. edd. Be Armae, the Hebrew equivalent of Suristan (the land of the Syrians) the name given to Babylon by the Sasamans; v. Funk, Monumenta, p. 16 and Obermeyer p. 74].');"><sup>14</sup></span>

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13

וא"ר יוחנן אוי להם לעובדי כוכבים שאין להם תקנה שנא' (ישעיהו ס, יז) תחת הנחשת אביא זהב ותחת הברזל אביא כסף ותחת העצי' נחשת ותחת האבנים ברזל תחת ר"ע וחביריו מאי מביאין ועליהם הוא אומר (יואל ד, כא) ונקיתי דמם לא נקיתי:

and one belonging to the Persians. From the Roman side they brought up coral, from the Persian side pearls.

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14

ומאין היו משיאין משואות כו' ומבית בלתין: מאי בית בלתין אמר רב

This [the Persian] one was called the port of Mashmahig.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Rashi: 'the port of the kingdom'. Fleischer (notes to Levy's Dictionary) : 'name of an island in the Persian Gulf between 'Oman and al-Bahrin.]');"><sup>15</sup></span> R'Johanan said: Every acacia tree that was taken by the invaders from Jerusalem will be restored to it by the Holy One, blessed be He, in time to come, as it says, I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the acacia tree,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XLI, 19.');"><sup>16</sup></span> and 'wilderness' means Jerusalem, as it is written, Zion is become a wilderness<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. LXIV, 9.');"><sup>17</sup></span> etc. R'Johanan further said: One who studies the Torah but does not teach it is like the myrtle in the wilderness.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fragrance of which is wasted.');"><sup>18</sup></span> Others report [the saying thus]: One who studies the Torah and teaches it in a place where there is no [other] talmid hakam<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>19</sup></span> is like the myrtle in the wilderness, which is precious. R'Johanan also said: Alas for the idol-worshippers since they have no means of remedy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., they will not be able to save themselves by remedying the wrong they have done.');"><sup>20</sup></span> as it says, For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass and for stones iron.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. LX, 17.');"><sup>21</sup></span> But what can they bring to replace R'Akiba and his companions? Of them the Scripture says, Though I cleanse them [of other transgressions] from their blood I shall not cleanse them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Joel IV, 21. E.V., And I will hold as innocent their blood that I have not held as innocent.');"><sup>22</sup></span> WHENCE DID THEY CARRY THE CHAIN OF BEACONS etc. ? FROM BETH BALTIN. What is Beth Baltin? - Rab said: This is

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